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In regard to the idea of a "knowledge-based society" a number of questions can be raised. Such as about the way of making use of the research results, the relationship between knowledge and moral, and the relationship between researchers and the decision-makers in the economy and politics, etc. But in view of the still growing inequalities within the world society not only in terms of income level and rate of economic growth, but also of education, dissemination of knowledge and particularly research capacities, the most crucial question is whether the so-called "knowledge-based society" will develop on a global level, or, instead, within a few countries only, serving the welfare and dominance of the latter. The deepening international development gap provides the real background for the globalisation of terrorism as well as for the rise of militarised dictatorial systems. The world society urgently needs a new, truly democratic, substantially reformed institutional system, which is based on the principle of proportionate representation, ensures equal voting power for equal number of people, and protects the human rights of all the members of human society, including the right to education, knowledge, culture and information. Such a truly democratic world order may ensure peaceful co-operation among all peoples on the basis of mutual understanding and benefits, particularly if it brings about also a "New Enlightenment", stemming from knowledge, which would free all social science theories from ideological misuse and would also detach religions from politics, thus making impossible to use theories or religions for generating hostile feelings against others, for justifying discrimination and for declaring "sacred wars".

There can be no doubt about the recognition of the fact that it is human knowledge, skill, science, in other words the development of "human capital", more concretely "intellectual capital", which primarily determines now and in the future, more than ever, the development of society. Science, which long time ago had become and for long had remained separated from the production of goods and services, from economic activities of society, as well as from the political decision-making process, has been increasingly embodied in the former and taken into account in the latter. One may conclude, indeed, that our future society, its operation and development will be primarily "based" on the accumulated and disseminated knowledge resulting from science.

However much and whole-heartedly we, representatives of science, may welcome such a tendency, and however optimists we may be about the future of a human society that is "based" on knowledge, we have to be realistic enough to raise some questions and dispel illusions.

In regard to the idea of a "knowledge-based society", a number of questions can be raised. Such as about

• the use of knowledge, the application of the research results (by whom and for what purposes, for c...

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